I really get to cheat with these.
They begin the show here each year when it is "dark", down in the village, at sea level. But I'm at a considerably higher elevation, and I can still see the sunset from up here, and it is nicely aligned with the direction to town on the 4th of July. In addition, from here, I can see the muzzle of the launching tubes on the barge they launch from, so I have a decent hit rate of catching the whole pyrotechnic.
Further cheating, I can set up the camera while it is still light. I use purely manual mode, and focus on the barge by hand while it is still light out, and then don't fuss with it at all. I try a variety of different exposure times however, as each pyrotechnic is different, and trying to catch the whole thing requires a bit of luck and guesswork. Somewhere between 1 and 8 seconds usually gets something interesting.
The final cheat is using an absurd medium-format camera that has a very sensitive low-light sensor that is huge, both in physical size and resolution, coupled with a very good lens. This lets me use a very low ISO setting (ISO 100 for these) at night, as the sensor allows me to easily recover the shadows when developing the raw image. I expose so that the brightest fireworks are just *slightly* underexposed, that way I don't lose any data when I develop. It's sort of how I do astrophotography as well.
So it's 90% planning/setup ahead, and 10% sitting on my deck sipping my coffee watching the show.



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