Two words: Flying Buttress
A marvel of architectural innovation 800 years ago and effective enough to last this long.
The last time we were there we had the opportunity to explore an active archaeological dig underneath the cathedral where the remains of an older Roman structure existed.
Whenever I thought about cathedral construction techniques when reading Ken Follett's "Pillars of the Earth," which is actually set in the 12th century, I would think of Notre Dame with its spire reaching forever.
As Cicero said, “Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all the others.”